Stepper motor moves in small steps are generally indicated on the label in degrees. A step motor to spin in one direction of current is passed through a coil, then another, then in the first winding of opposite polarity, then the second with reverse polarity, also. This sequence is repeated for continuous rotation. The rotation direction depends on wind, the “leader”, the “Follower” is. The reverse rotation when a winding is reversed. It is can simplify the center tap versions to the current reversal from the center tap are connected to Vcc and at each end of the coil can be pulled to the ground alternately. Non-powered motors require a control voltage bipolar or a little more than circuit switching. When power is applied to two coils, the stepper motor between two phases (solid, often referred to as “half step”). Under the half-step idea to the extreme, one could apply two sine waves in quadrature for the windings and for a very smooth rotation. This technique is not particularly effective, since the controller would be much less energy to dissipate as the engine, but if the proper motion is necessary, it might be worth a try! Or for those who are not afraid of the complexity of the sinusoids can be approximated efficiently by using the variable duty cycle. But the goal is to get these engines out of the box of junk, no more reasons to think them to be alone! So, here are some simple tips to try.